Orson Welles's 1941 debut tells the life of publishing baron Charles Foster Kane through the conflicting memories of the people who knew him, filmed by Gregg Toland in deep focus that keeps whole rooms in sharp relief at once. It cost RKO under $840,000, won a single Oscar out of nine nominations, and lost money on release before critics rebuilt its reputation from the 1950s onward.
An advertising executive mistaken for a nonexistent spy is chased across the United States toward a crop-duster in an empty field and a climax on the carved faces of Mount Rushmore. Built by Hitchcock and Ernest Lehman around set pieces conceived before the plot that justifies them, it is Cary Grant at his most physically tested and Hitchcock's biggest production to date.
Hitchcock financed Psycho himself after Paramount balked at the material, shooting it fast, cheap and in black and white with his television crew. Anthony Perkins's Norman Bates, Bernard Herrmann's string score and a mid-film murder that removes the film's ostensible heroine turned a low-budget genre picture into the template for the modern horror thriller.
Martin Scorsese's 1976 film follows Travis Bickle, an insomniac Vietnam veteran driving a New York taxi through the city's worst hours, as his isolation and contempt for the people around him build toward an act of violence aimed first at a political candidate and then at the pimp controlling a twelve-year-old sex worker he has taken an interest in. Written by Paul Schrader, shot with a jittery, restless camera, and scored by Bernard Herrmann in the days before his death, the film was made for $1.9 million and returned over $117 million, winning the Palme d'Or and later becoming entangled in real-world controversy after inspiring an actual assassination attempt.
Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 film follows Scottie Ferguson, a retired police detective with a crippling fear of heights, hired to trail a friend's wife who believes she is possessed by a dead ancestor. What begins as surveillance turns into obsession, and after a death he could not prevent, Scottie tries to remake a second woman into the image of the first. Shot by Robert Burks with a spiralling title-sequence effect and scored by Bernard Herrmann, it earned back roughly three times its $2.5 million budget on release and has since climbed steadily in critical standing, unseating Citizen Kane at the top of one long-running critics' poll.